Services

Electroencephalogram (EEG):
What it is
EEG is a non-invasive diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the brain. It records brain waves through electrodes placed on the scalp, helping to diagnose a variety of neurological conditions.
Types of EEG tests:
We offer routine, overnight and video EEG recording procedures
Polysomnography (PSG):
What it is
A type of sleep study used to diagnose sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and other conditions that may disrupt your sleep. Polysomnography involves the monitoring and recording of various physiological parameters during your sleep.
Nerve conduction studies (NCS):
What it is
A diagnostic test used to evaluate the function of the peripheral nerves. It measures how fast electrical impulses travel through the nerves, helping to identify nerve damage or dysfunction.
How is it performed:
Preparation: Generally, no special preparation is required. Patients are advised to avoid lotions or creams on the skin prior to the test.

Electrode placement: Small electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerve being tested. One electrode stimulates the nerve, while the other records the response. Electrode stickers and gels are used to secure the electrodes to the skin and facilitate the conduction of electrical impulses.

Stimulation: A mild electrical impulse is delivered to the nerve, causing it to send a signal.

Recording: The speed and amplitude of the electrical signal are recorded, providing data on nerve function.
Electromyography (EMG):
What it is
A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscles. It helps assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them, aiding in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders.
How is it performed:
Preparation: Generally, no special preparation is required.

Electrode placement: The procedure involves inserting a fine needle electrode into the muscle (needle EMG).

Recording activity: You will be asked to relax and then to contract your muscle in various ways. The electrical activity is recorded and displayed on a monitor.

Duration: The test typically lasts 75 minutes, depending on the number of muscles being examined.
Lumbar puncture (LP):
What it is
A lumbar puncture (also known as a spinal tap) involves inserting a needle into the lower back to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Local anaesthetic is injected at the procedure site in order to numb the area prior to the procedure. This procedure helps in diagnosing conditions such as infections, bleeding, and neurological disorders.
Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections:
What it is
Botulinum toxin injections (commonly known as Botox or Dysport), are primarily used to treat dystonia, a movement disorder characterised by involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal postures, twisting, or repetitive movements. Other neurological conditions which may benefit from Botox include migraine and spasms. The botulinum toxin works by blocking the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes muscle contraction, which helps to relax the affected muscles and improve motor function.
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation (RNS)
What it is
A repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is a diagnostic test used to see how well nerves communicate with muscles. It is most used when a problem at the neuromuscular junction - the point where a nerve sends signals to a muscle to make it move - is suspected. The RNS are usually preceded by a routine NCS to ensure the accuracy of diagnosing neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders. Routine NCS provides baseline data on nerve function, helps rule out other neuropathic or myopathic conditions, and identifies the appropriate nerves for testing.
Preparation
Generally, no special preparation is required. Patients are advised to avoid lotions or creams on the skin prior to the test.
How the test is performed
  1. Small sticky electrodes are placed on the skin over a muscle.
  2. The nerve is stimulated with a series of electrical pulses (not just one but repeated at regular intervals).
  3. The muscle’s electrical response is recorded and measured.
  4. The test is repeated on one or more nerves, in most cases one facial and one limb nerve is tested.
Sensation
Patients may feel a slight tingling or twitching sensation when the nerve is stimulated, but it is generally not painful. Some people find it slightly uncomfortable, but it is generally well tolerated.
Duration
The test usually takes between 30 and 60 minutes; however, the duration may vary depending on the number of nerves being tested and the findings observed during the study.
Evoked Potential (EP)
What it is
Evoked potentials (EPs) are diagnostic tests that measure the electrical activity of the brain in response to stimulation of specific sensory pathways. This specialised test help assess how well the nerves transmit signals to the brain and are commonly used to evaluate conditions affecting the visual, auditory, or sensory pathways.
Different Types of Evoked Potentials
Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP)
Measures the brain’s response to visual stimuli (usually a flashing light or checkerboard pattern). Used to assess the function of your visual pathway.
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP)
Measures the brain’s response to sound stimuli delivered through earphones. Used to evaluate the vestibulocochlear nerve and brainstem pathways.
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP)
Measures the brain’s response to mild electrical stimulation of nerves in the arms or legs. Used to assess sensory pathways in the spinal cord and brain.
Preparation
Bring your glasses or hearing aids if applicable.
How the test is performed
  • Small electrodes are placed on your scalp and possibly on other areas of your body depending on the evoked potential test being performed.
  • These electrodes record electrical activity in response to a visual, auditory or electrical stimulus.
  • You will be exposed to visual, sound, or small electrical stimuli depending on the type of test.
  • Patients may feel a slight tingling or twitching sensation when the nerve is stimulated, but it is generally not painful and is usually well tolerated.
Duration
The test usually takes between 30 and 90 minutes; however, the duration may vary depending on the type of evoked potential being performed, the number of nerves being tested, and the findings during the study.

Please let me know if you require any additional information.
Intravenous (IV) infusions for chronic biological/disease-modifying treatment:
What it is
Infusions are a method of delivering medication and fluids directly into a patient’s bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) line. This technique is commonly used for a variety of chronic and relapsing neurological conditions.
Dr Heena Narotam Jeena Inc
Neurologist
MBChB (Stell), FC Neurology (SA), MMed Neurology (Stell)
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